Class materials for December 11, 2011

Okay, this is complicated. Make sure you read till the end.

There is a total of four (4) links. Make sure you have all of them.

Here is the first link to the materials we have been going over.

In addition, there is separate Christmas related materials.

Here are some untraditional Christmas Carols (sort of).

Here is another.

Here is a traditional American folk story.

Copies of everything after the jump (click where it says 'czytaj więcej').

See you all Sunday!

Third dimension:

MASCULINITY

All human societies consist of men and women, usually in approximately equal numbers. They are biologically distinct and their respective roles in biological procreation are absolute.

Other physical differences between women and men, not directly related to bearing children are not absolute but statistical. Men are on average taller and stronger, but some women are taller and/or stronger than many men. Women generally have greater finger dexterity and faster metabolisms which help them recover from fatigue more quickly but some men excel in these respects as well.

Both the absolute and statistical biological differences between men and women are the same the world over but their social roles are only partly determined by biological constraints. It is therefore useful to distinguish between absolute and statistic differences based on biology on the one hand (referred to as sex differences) with societal differences on the other hand (referred to as gender roles).

Every society recognizes many behaviors not immediately related to procreation as more suitable for females or more suitable for males but the ideas about which behaviors are suitable to which gender differ from society to society. This is most visible in the distribution of men and women over certain professions. Women dominate as doctors in the former Soviet Union, as dentists in Belgium and as shopkeepers in West Africa. Men dominate as typists in Pakistan and make up a sizeable percentage of nurses in the Netherlands. Female managers are almost non-existent in Japan but frequent in the Philippines and Thailand. It should not be surprising then that one of the cultural dimensions is related to gender roles.

Despite the differences however, there are common social trends among most societies. Women are generally supposed to be more concerned with taking care of the home and children and more interested in human relationships of all kinds, they are in short expected to be more tender. Men, on the other hand are supposed to be more concerned with achievements outside the home and to safeguard their families, they are expected to be assertive, competitive and tough.

In the IBM study this course is based on, two sets of values came to be associated with men and women. That is, in every society, certain values were on average more highly valued among women or men.

For women, these included:

* Good working relationships with co-workers.

* Security, defined as being able to work for their company as long as they want.

* Being able to balance work duties and the demands of home life.

For men, these included:

* The opportunity to advance to higher level jobs and more money.

* Recognition for a job well-done.

* Have challenging work to do that gives a sense of accomplishment.

Importantly, these were the only values found to consistently differ by gender in different societies. That is, both men and women hold similar values regarding the other dimensions studied.

Closer examination, however did reveal and important parameter of variation among countries. That is, the percentages of women preferring the first set of 'feminine' values were more consistent across different countries while the extent to which men's preference for the second set of 'masculine' values varied somewhat from country to country. In some societies (here labeled 'feminine') men's' values weren't that different from women's values, that is there was only a slight preference for masculine values. In other societies, however, here labeled 'masculine', men displayed a very strong preference for masculine values.

Therefore, the dimension of masculinity and femininity can be most easily measured in terms of masculinity and be defined as follows: Femininity and Masculinity measures the degree to which men's values in a given society are similar to or different from women's values.

Femininity-masculinity in the family

The family contains two unequal but complementary role pairs: parent-child and husband-wife. The effects of different degrees of inequality in the parent-child relationship are related to power distance. The prevailing gender role distribution between husband and wife however is reflected in a society's position on the masculinity index.

In feminine societies both parents provide authority and tenderness. All children learn to be non-ambitious and modest. Assertive behavior and attempts at excelling are ridiculed. This is a process known as 'leveling', pulling everyone back to a modest average.

Both boys and girls are allowed to cry and fighting (even when attacked) is discouraged for both. The heroes that children learn to sympathize with tend to be harmless and non-violent underdogs like Mr. Bean or the good soldier Švejk.

In masculine societies there is a stronger division of roles between parents. The father is a tough authority figure (who may be feared as much as loved) and the mother is a refuge for consolation and tender feelings and may intervene on the children's behalf with the father. The father deals with facts and the mother with feelings. In other words, children ask the father for help with math homework, and go the mother for emotional reassurance.

Boys are not allowed to cry and are expected to assert themselves and fight back when attacked. Girls may cry but should not fight. Children learn to admire the strong. Batman and Rambo are typical heroes from masculine cultures.

It should be noted that both males and females tend to have tougher values in masculine societies. But often, ambition and competitiveness among women is channeled away from personal accomplishment into enabling husbands or (especially male) children to succeed.

Masculinity in school:

In more feminine cultures, the average student is the norm. Passing courses is enough, excellent grades are not necessary. The curriculum tends to be structured to make sure that all students achieve a certain basic level. It is not felt that the brightest students need special help, while weaker students do.

Teaching staff at all levels includes men and women. Teachers are evaluated in terms of friendliness and their skills in helping children adapt socially. Corporal punishment is discouraged and failure in school is seen as a minor, reparable incident.

At more advanced levels, the student's intrinsic interest plays a large role in choosing majors. Male and female students are likely to study the same subjects.

In more masculine cultures, the best student is seen as the ideal, passing is not enough - one's grades must be as good as possible. The curriculum is structured to help the brightest students achieve as much as possible. Slower students may (or may not) be eligible for special help and average students are not given much thought.

Women teach small children and as the educational level raises more men are involved until they predominate as university instructors. Teachers are evaluated in terms of brilliance and/or their students' academic performance.

Corporal punishment may be seen as helping to build the character of (especially male) students. Failure is a disaster and in strongly masculine cultures can even lead to suicide.

At more advanced levels, students' choice of studies tends to be guided by perceived career opportunities. Males and females tend to study different subjects.

Femininity and masculinity at work

In feminine societies the ethos is 'work in order to live'. One's job is important but should not be the central fact of a person's existence. A person who is too absorbed by their job is considered to be a workaholic.

Organizations are liable to reward people on the basis of equality (according to need). Disagreements at work are supposed to be solved by negotiation and compromise. Personal levels of ambition vary by individual and both men and women may or may not be ambitious. The ideal boss must have above average intelligence and drive but should act on intuition and seek consensus.

In masculine societies the ethos is 'live in order to work' and a person's job is expected to be a (or the!) central part of a person's life. Being called a 'workaholic' is not an insult.

Organizations stress results and rewards are expected to be allocated on the basis of equity (according to performance). Disagreements are solved by power struggle with the stronger side winning. Men are expected to be ambitious. Women may or may not be ambitious about their jobs. The ideal boss is, of course, tough, assertive decisive and aggressive. Instead of consensus, he (for he is almost certainly a man) is a lonely decision maker, looking for facts.

Now for some holiday cheer

THE RESTROOM DOOR SAID GENTLEMEN

The restroom door said 'Gentlemen' so I just walked inside.

I took two steps and realized I'd been taken for a ride.

I heard high voices turned and found the place was occupied

By two nuns, three old ladies, and a nurse.

What could be worse than two nuns, three old ladies and a nurse?

The restroom door said 'Gentlemen', it must have been a gag.

As soon as I walked in there I ran into some old hag.

She sprayed me with a can of mace and slapped me with her bag.

I could tell this just wouldn't be my day.

What can I say? It just wasn't turning out to be my day.

The restroom door said 'Gentlemen' and I would like to find

The crummy little creep who had the nerve to switch the sign.

Cause I've got two black eyes and one high heel up my behind

Now I can't sit with comfort and joy…

Boy, oh, boy! No, I'll never sit with comfort and joy!

WE WISH YOU WEREN'T LIVING WITH US

We wish you weren't living with us, we wish you weren't living with us,

We wish you weren't living with us, we're not happy you're here.

You drive everybody crazy, you're hopelessly fat and lazy,

You're constantly in the way here, so pack up your gear.

(GET OUT!)

You're feeding your face, you're taking up space,

We wish you weren't living with us, we're not happy you're here.

(CLOSE THE REFRIGERATOR!)

Correct us if we're mistaken, but those are long distance calls you're makin'.

How long do you plan on takin' advantage of us?

(PAY UP!!)

We wish you weren't living with us, we wish you weren't living with us,

We wish you weren't living with us. Get out of town!       NOW!!!

ThERES SOMETHING STUCK UP IИ THE CHImN3Y

There's something stuck up in the chimney and I don't know what it is,

But it's been there all night long.

Well, I waited up for Santa all Christmas night

But he never came and it don't seem right.

And there's something in the chimney and it doesn't make a sound,

But I wish you Merry Christmas.

There's something stuck up in the chimney and I don't know what it is,

But it's been there all week long.

Well, the dog keeps barking up the chimney flue

And we don't know what we're going to do.

Cause there's something in the chimney and it doesn't move around,

And it's been a week since Christmas.

There's something stuck up in the chimney and I don't know what it is,

But it's been there all month long.

Well, it's jammed up tight above the fireplace

Now the house smells funny, such a big disgrace.

That there's something in the chimney and it doesn't talk at all,

And it's been there since last Christmas.

There's something stuck up in the chimney and I don't know what it is,

But it's been there all year long.

I'll been waiting up for Santa like I did last year

But my brother says, "He's already here."

And he's stuck up in the chimney and he doesn't say a word

And he'll be there every Christmas.

And we'll have him every Christmas.

I'M DRESSIN' UP LIKE SANTA CLAUS

I'm dressin' up like Santa Claus on Christmas

As soon as I can get out on parole.

I'll hang out on your street,

Your kids I'd love to meet,

As soon as I get out of this rat hole.

I won't mind just sliding down your chimney

Cause I just spent fifteen years shovelin' coal.

I'm dressin' up like Santa Claus on Christmas

As soon as I can get out on parole.

I'm anxious to get out among the living

And I'm makin' up a list of folks to see.

Duded up in red and white

Instead of these old stripes,

Just think of how surprised they're gonna be.

The old home town will sure be glad to see me

Cause by now it's slipped their minds how much I stole

I'm dressin' up like Santa Claus on Christmas

As soon as I can get out on parole

I'm careful to be on my best behavior

Cause the warden's watching everything I do

Thank God he didn't see that fight in cell block three

Or I'd be stuck here till I'm ninety-two.

Just a few more questions from that nice committee

Then through those rusty gates I'll proudly stroll

I'm dressin' up like Santa Claus on Christmas

As soon as I can get out on parole,

Just as soon as I can get out on parole.

I'm home.

THE TWELVE DAYS OF CHRISTMAS

On the first day of Christmas,

my true love gave to me

A partridge in a pear tree.

On the second day of Christmas,

my true love gave to me

Two turtle doves, and a partridge in a pear tree.

Three French hens,

Four collie (calling) birds,

Five gold rings,

Six geese a' laying,

Seven swans a' swimming, 

Eight maids a' milking,

Nine pipers piping,

Ten ladies dancing,

Eleven lords a' leaping,

Twelve drummers drumming.

THE TWELVE PAINS OF CHRISTMAS

The first thing at Christmas

that's such a pain to me

Is finding a Christmas tree.

The second thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me

Rigging up the lights,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The third thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Hangovers,

Rigging up the lights,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The fourth thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Sending Christmas cards,

Hangovers,

Rigging up the lights,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The fifth thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Five months of bills,

Sending Christmas cards,

Hangovers,

Rigging up the lights,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The sixth thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Facing my in-laws,

Five months of bills!,

Oh, I hate those Christmas cards!,

Hangovers,

Rigging up these lights!,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The seventh thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

The Salvation Army,

Facing my in-laws,

Five months of bills!,

Sending Christmas cards,

Oh, geez!,

I'm tryin' to rig up these lights!,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The eighth thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

I WANNA TRANSFORMER FOR CHRISTMAS!,

Charities,

And whaddya mean YOUR in-laws?,

Five months of bills!,

Oh, making out these cards,

Edith, get me a beer, huh?,

What, we have no extension cords?,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The ninth thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Finding parking spaces,

DADDY, I WANT SOME CANDY!!!,

Donations!,

Facing my in-laws,

Five months of bills!,

Writing out those Christmas cards,

Hangovers!,

Now why the hell are they blinking?!?!?,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The tenth thing at Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Batteries Not Included,

No parking spaces,

BUY ME SOMETHIN',

Get a job, ya bum!,

Oh, facing my in-laws,

Five months of bills,

Yo-ho, sending Christmas cards!,

Oh, geeeez, look at this!,

One light goes out, they ALL go out,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The eleventh thing of Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Stale TV specials,

Batteries Not Included,

No parking spaces,

DAD, I GOTTA GODA BATHROOM!!,

Charities!,

She's a witch...I hate her!,

Five months of bills!,

Oh, I don't even KNOW half these people!,

Oh, who's got the terlet paper, huh?,

Get a flashlight...I blew a fuse!!,

And finding a Christmas tree.

The twelfth thing of Christmas

That's such a pain to me,

Singing Christmas carols,

Stale TV specials,

Batteries Not Included,

No parking?,

WAAAAAAAAAAH! WAAAAAAAAAAH!,

Charities,

Gotta make 'em dinner,

Five months of bills,

I'm not sending' them this year, that's it,

Shut up, you,

FINE! YOU'RE SO SMART, YOU RIG UP THE LIGHTS!

And fiiiiiiiinding a Chriiiiistmas tree!

 And now for a heartwarming story..

HOW THE GRINCH STOLE CHRISTMAS    by Dr. Suess

Every Who down in Whoville

liked Christmas a lot... 

But the Grinch,

Who lived just North of Whoville, Did NOT! 

The Grinch hated Christmas!

The whole Christmas season!

Now, please don't ask why. 

No one quite knows the reason.

It could be that his head wasn't screwed on quite right.

It could be, perhaps, that his shoes were too tight.

But I think that the most likely reason of all

May have been that his heart

Was two sizes too small. 

But, whatever the reason, his heart or his shoes,

He stood there on Christmas Eve, hating the Whos,

Staring down from his cave 

With a sour, Grinchy frown

At the warm lighted windows below in their town.

For he knew every Who down in Whoville beneath

Was busy now, hanging a hollyboo wreath. 

"And they're hanging their stockings!"

He snarled with a sneer.

"Tomorrow is Christmas! It's practically here!"

Then he growled,

With his grinch fingers nervously drumming,

"I must find a way to keep Christmas from coming!"

For, tomorrow, he knew... 

"All the Who girls and boys

Will wake up bright and early. 

And they'll rush for their toys!

And then! Oh, the noise!

Oh, the noise! Noise! Noise! Noise!

That's one thing I hate!

Oh, the NOISE! NOISE! NOISE! NOISE! 

Then the Whos, young and old, 

Will sit down to a feast.

And they'll feast! And they'll feast!

And they'll FEAST! FEAST! FEAST! FEAST!

They'll feast on Who-pudding, 

And rare Who-roast-beast.

Oh, roast beast is a feast I can't stand in the least!

And THEN they'll do something I like least of all!

Every Who down in Whoville, 

The tall and the small,

Will stand close together, with Christmas bells ringing.

They'll stand hand-in-hand and the Whos will start singing!

They'll sing! And they'll sing!

AND they'll SING! SING! SING! SING!"

And the more the Grinch thought 

Of this Who-Christmas-Sing

The more the Grinch thought,

"I must stop this whole thing!

"Why for fifty-three years I've put up with it now!

I MUST stop Christmas from coming!

But HOW?" 

Then he got an idea! An awful idea!

The Grinch got a wonderful, awful idea! 

"I know just what to do!"

The Grinch laughed in his throat.

"I'll make a quick Santy Claus hat and a coat."

And he chuckled, and clucked, 

"What a great Grinchy trick!

"With this coat and this hat,

I'll look just like Saint Nick!" 

"All I need is a reindeer..."

The Grinch looked around.

But since reindeer are scarce, 

There was none to be found.

Did that stop the old Grinch...?

No! The Grinch simply said,

"If I can't find a reindeer, I'll make one instead!"

So he called his dog Max. 

hen he took some red thread

And he tied a big horn on top of his head. 

Then he loaded some bags

And some old empty sacks

On a ramshackle sleigh

And he hitched up old Max. 

And the Grinch said, "Giddyap!"

And the sleigh started down

Toward the homes where the Whos

Lay a-snooze in their town. 

All their windows were dark,

Quiet snow filled the air.

All the Whos were all dreaming sweet dreams without care

When he came to the first house in the square.

"This is stop number one,"

The old Grinchy Claus hissed

And he climbed to the roof, empty bags in his fist. 

Then he slid down the chimney. A rather tight pinch.

But if Santa could do it, then so could the Grinch.

He got stuck only once, for a moment or two.

Then he stuck his head out of the fireplace flue

Where the little Who stockings all hung in a row.

"These stockings," he grinned, "Are the first things to go!" 

Then he slithered and slunk, with a smile most unpleasant,

Around the whole room, and he took every present!

Pop guns! And bicycles! Roller skates! Drums!

Checkerboards! Tricycles! Popcorn! And plums!

And he stuffed them in bags.

Then the Grinch, very nimbly,

Stuffed all the bags, one by one, up the chimbley! 

Then he slunk to the icebox. He took the Whos' feast!

He took the Who-pudding! He took the roast beast!

He cleaned out that icebox as quick as a flash.

Why, that Grinch even took their last can of Who-hash! 

Then he stuffed all the food up the chimney with glee.

"And NOW!" grinned the Grinch, "I will stuff up the tree!" 

And the Grinch grabbed the tree, and he started to shove

When he heard a small sound like the coo of a dove.

He turned around fast, and he saw a small Who,

Little Cindy-Lou Who, who was no more than two. 

The Grinch had been caught by this tiny Who daughter

Who'd got out of bed for a cup of cold water.

She stared at the Grinch and said, "Santy Claus, why,

"Why are you taking our Christmas tree? WHY?" 

But, you know, that old Grinch was so smart and so slick

He thought up a lie, and he thought it up quick!

"Why, my sweet little tot," the fake Santy Claus lied,

"There's a light on this tree that won't light on one side.

"So I'm taking it home to my workshop, my dear.

"I'll fix it up there. Then I'll bring it back here." 

And his fib fooled the child. Then he patted her head

And he got her a drink and he sent her to bed.

And when Cindy-Lou Who went to bed with her cup,

He went to the chimney and stuffed the tree up! 

The last thing he took was the log for their fire.

Then he went up the chimney himself, the old liar.

On their walls he left nothing but hooks, and some wire. 

And the one speck of food the he left in the house

Was a crumb far too small for even a mouse.

Then he did the same thing to the other Whos' houses 

Leaving crumbs much too small

For the other Whos' mouses! 

It was quarter past dawn, all the Whos, still a-bed

All the Whos still a-snooze when he packed up his sled,

Packed it up with their presents! The ribbons! The wrappings!

The tags! And the tinsel! The trimmings! The trappings! 

Ten thousand feet up! Up the side of Mount Crumpet,

He rode all the way to the tiptop to dump it!

"Pooh-pooh to the Whos!" he was grinch-ish-ly humming.

"They're finding out now that no Christmas is coming!

"They're just waking up! I know just what they'll do!

"Their mouths will hang open a minute or two

"Then all the Whos down in Whoville will all cry BOO-HOO!" 

"That's a noise," grinned the Grinch,

"That I simply must hear!"

So he paused. And the Grinch put a hand to his ear.

And he did hear a sound rising over the snow.

It started in low. Then it started to grow... 

But the sound wasn't sad!

Why, this sound sounded merry!

It couldn't be so!

But it WAS merry! VERY! 

He stared down at Whoville!

The Grinch popped his eyes!

Then he shook!

What he saw was a shocking surprise! 

Every Who down in Whoville, the tall and the small,

Was singing! Without any presents at all!

He HADN'T stopped Christmas from coming!

IT CAME!

Somehow or other, it came just the same! 

And the Grinch, with his grinch-feet ice-cold in the snow,

Stood puzzling and puzzling: "How could it be so?

It came without ribbons! It came without tags!

"It came without packages, boxes or bags!"

And he puzzled three hours, `till his puzzler was sore.

Then the Grinch thought of something he hadn't before!

"Maybe Christmas," he thought, "doesn't come from a store.

"Maybe Christmas...perhaps...means a little bit more!" 

And what happened then...?

Well...in Whoville they say

That the Grinch's small heart

Grew three sizes that day!

And the minute his heart didn't feel quite so tight,

He whizzed with his load through the bright morning light

And he brought back the toys!

And the food for the feast!

And he...HE HIMSELF...!

The Grinch, carved the roast beast!

______________________________________

You're A Mean One Mr. Grinch!

You're a mean one, Mr. Grinch.

You really are a heel.

You're as cuddly as a cactus,

You're as charming as an eel.

Mr. Grinch, you're a bad banana with a greasy black peel.

You're a monster, Mr. Grinch.

Your heart's an empty hole.

Your brain is full of spiders,

You've got garlic in your soul.

Mr. Grinch, I wouldn't touch you, with a thirty-nine-and-a-half foot pole.

You're a vile one, Mr. Grinch.

You have termites in your smile.

You have all the tender sweetness

Of a seasick crocodile.

Mr. Grinch, given the choice between the two of you, I'd take the seasick crockodile.

You're a foul one, Mr. Grinch.

You're a nasty, wasty skunk.

Your heart is full of unwashed socks

Your soul is full of gunk.

Mr. Grinch, the three words that best describe you, are as follows, and I quote: Stink, Stank, STUNK!

You're a rotter, Mr. Grinch.

You're the king of sinful sots.

Your heart's a dead tomato splotched

With moldy purple spots,

Mr. Grinch, your soul is an apalling dump heap overflowing

with the most disgraceful assortment of deplorable

rubbish imaginable,

Mangled up in tangled up knots.

You nauseate me, Mr. Grinch.

With a nauseaus super-naus.

You're a crooked jerky jockey

And you drive a crooked hoss.

Mr. Grinch, you're a three decker saurkraut and toadstool sandwich, with arsenic sauce!